| SPARK-GAP VOLTAGES |
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| Based
on results of the American Institute of Electric Engineers |
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| Air at 760 mmHg,
25 C |
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| Peak
Voltage |
Needle points |
Diameter
of spherical electrodes, [cm] |
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2,5 |
5 |
10 |
25 |
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| [kV] |
[cm] |
[cm] |
[cm] |
[cm] |
[cm] |
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| 5 |
0,42 |
0,13 |
0,15 |
0,15 |
0,16 |
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| 10 |
0,85 |
0,27 |
0,29 |
0,30 |
0,32 |
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| 15 |
1,30 |
0,42 |
0,44 |
0,46 |
0,48 |
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| 20 |
1,75 |
0,58 |
0,60 |
0,62 |
0,64 |
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| 25 |
2,20 |
0,76 |
0,77 |
0,78 |
0,81 |
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| 30 |
2,69 |
0,95 |
0,94 |
0,95 |
0,98 |
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| 35 |
3,20 |
1,17 |
1,12 |
1,12 |
1,15 |
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| 40 |
3,81 |
1,41 |
1,30 |
1,29 |
1,32 |
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| 45 |
4,49 |
1,68 |
1,50 |
1,47 |
1,49 |
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| 50 |
5,20 |
2,00 |
1,71 |
1,65 |
1,66 |
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| 60 |
6,81 |
2,82 |
2,17 |
2,02 |
2,01 |
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| 70 |
8,81 |
4,05 |
2,68 |
2,42 |
2,37 |
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| 80 |
11,10 |
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3,26 |
2,84 |
2,74 |
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| 90 |
13,30 |
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3,94 |
3,28 |
3,11 |
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| 100 |
15,50 |
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4,77 |
3,75 |
3,49 |
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| 110 |
17,70 |
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5,79 |
4,25 |
3,88 |
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| 120 |
19,80 |
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7,07 |
4,78 |
4,28 |
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| 130 |
22,00 |
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5,35 |
4,69 |
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| 140 |
24,10 |
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5,97 |
5,10 |
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| 150 |
26,10 |
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6,64 |
5,52 |
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| 160 |
28,10 |
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7,37 |
5,95 |
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| 170 |
30,10 |
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8,16 |
6,39 |
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| 180 |
32,00 |
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9,03 |
6,84 |
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| 190 |
33,90 |
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10,00 |
7,30 |
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| 200 |
35,70 |
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11,10 |
7,76 |
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| 210 |
37,60 |
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12,30 |
8,24 |
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| 220 |
39,50 |
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13,70 |
8,73 |
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| 230 |
41,40 |
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15,30 |
9,24 |
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| 240 |
43,30 |
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9,76 |
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| 250 |
45,20 |
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10,30 |
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| 300 |
54,70 |
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13,30 |
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| CORRECTIONS
FOR TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE |
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| Values
found in the above table may be corrected for temperature and pressure |
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| by
multiplying the values given by the appropriate correction factor found
below: |
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| Pressure [mmHg] |
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| Temp. [C] |
720 |
740 |
760 |
780 |
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| 0 |
1,04 |
1,06 |
1,09 |
1,12 |
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kV |
cm |
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| 10 |
1 |
1,02 |
1,05 |
1,08 |
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20 |
1,75 |
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| 20 |
0,96 |
0,99 |
1,02 |
1,04 |
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22,78 |
2 |
Interpolation |
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| 30 |
0,93 |
0,96 |
0,98 |
1,01 |
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25 |
2,2 |
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| Rod Gap Breakdown Voltage
Tables |
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| More
details on Rod Gap procedures and construction |
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| The
following table values valid for: |
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| 1.27 cm square rods |
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| 27 deg C |
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| 760 torr (1013 mBar) |
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| 15.5 torr water vapor pressure |
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| (11 g/cc water content for impulses). |
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| The voltages in the table reflect the
breakdown of the rod gap +/- 8% |
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| Rod Gap |
Voltage |
1/5 uSec |
1/5 uSec |
1/50 uSec |
1/50 uSec |
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| Spacing |
|
Pos impulse |
Neg
impulse |
Pos
impulse |
Neg impulse |
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| cm |
kV |
kV |
kV |
kV |
kV |
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| 2 |
26 |
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| 4 |
47 |
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| 6 |
62 |
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| 8 |
72 |
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| 10 |
81 |
101 |
111 |
90 |
97 |
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| 15 |
102 |
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| 20 |
124 |
179 |
208 |
160 |
178 |
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| 25 |
147 |
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| 30 |
172 |
256 |
301 |
226 |
262 |
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| 40 |
225 |
348 |
392 |
279 |
339 |
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| 50 |
278 |
431 |
475 |
334 |
407 |
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| 60 |
332 |
513 |
557 |
397 |
470 |
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| 70 |
382 |
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| 80 |
435 |
657 |
701 |
511 |
585 |
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| 90 |
488 |
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| 100 |
537 |
820 |
855 |
629 |
703 |
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| Humidity
Correction |
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| H20 Vapor Press. (torr) |
2,5 |
5 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
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| Correction Factor % |
-16,5 |
-13,1 |
-6,5 |
-0,5 |
4,4 |
7,9 |
10,1 |
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| Data taken
from tables and graphs in Naidu & Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering. |
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| Copyright
1998, Jim Lux / rodv.htm / 5
May 1998 / |
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| Sphere
Gap Breakdown Voltage Tables |
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| The
following two tables give the breakdown voltages for a standard |
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| sphere gap
of the specified sphere size and spacing. The standard |
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| accuracy is
±3% for gaps less than half the sphere diameter and 5% for |
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| gaps larger
than that. The first table is for a gap with one terminal |
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| grounded,
typically a vertical gap. There are two columns for each sphere |
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| size
depending on whether it is a positive or negative impulse. The second |
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| table is
for a gap with both terminals at HV. The values from these tables |
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| will need
to be corrected for current atmospheric conditions, particularly |
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| humidity. |
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| Sphere gap with one terminal grounded |
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| A -> AC, DC, either polarity and full negative standard
impulse voltages (one sphere grounded) |
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| B -> positive polarity standard impulse voltages and impulse
voltages with long tails (either polarity) |
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Sphere Diameter (cm) |
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| Gap Spacing |
5 |
10 |
15 |
25 |
50 |
100 |
150 |
200 |
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| cm |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
A |
B |
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| 0,5 |
17,4 |
17,4 |
16,9 |
16,8 |
16,9 |
16,9 |
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| 1 |
32 |
32 |
31,7 |
31,7 |
31,4 |
31,4 |
31,2 |
31,4 |
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| 1,5 |
44,7 |
45,5 |
44,7 |
45,1 |
44,7 |
45,1 |
44,7 |
44,7 |
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| 2 |
57,5 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
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| 2,5 |
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71,5 |
71,5 |
71,5 |
71,5 |
71,5 |
71,5 |
71,5 |
71,5 |
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| 3 |
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85 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
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| 3,5 |
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95,5 |
96 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
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| 4 |
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106 |
108 |
108 |
110 |
110 |
110 |
110 |
110 |
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| 5 |
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123 |
127 |
127 |
132 |
135 |
136 |
136 |
136 |
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| 7,5 |
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181 |
187 |
195 |
196 |
199 |
199 |
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| 10 |
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257 |
268 |
259 |
259 |
262 |
262 |
262 |
262 |
262 |
262 |
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| 12,5 |
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277 |
294 |
315 |
317 |
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| 15 |
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309 |
331 |
367 |
974 |
383 |
384 |
384 |
384 |
384 |
384 |
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| 17,5 |
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336 |
362 |
413 |
425 |
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| 20 |
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452 |
472 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
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| 25 |
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520 |
545 |
605 |
610 |
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| 30 |
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575 |
610 |
700 |
715 |
730 |
735 |
735 |
740 |
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| 35 |
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725 |
755 |
785 |
800 |
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| 40 |
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862 |
885 |
940 |
950 |
960 |
965 |
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| 45 |
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925 |
965 |
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| 50 |
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1000 |
1020 |
1110 |
1130 |
1160 |
1170 |
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| 75 |
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1210 |
1260 |
1420 |
1460 |
1510 |
1590 |
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| 100 |
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1870 |
1900 |
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| symmetrical
sphere gaps |
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| 20deg C,
760 torr, either polarity impulse, AC, DC |
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| spacings
<0.5D Accuracy +/- 3% ; spacings >=0.5D accuracy +/- 5% |
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Sphere
Diameter (cm) |
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| gap (cm) |
5 |
10 |
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15 |
25 |
50 |
100 |
150 |
200 |
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| 0,5 |
17,5 |
16,9 |
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16,5 |
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| 1 |
32,2 |
31,6 |
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31,3 |
31 |
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| 1,5 |
46,1 |
45,8 |
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45,5 |
45 |
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| 2 |
58,3 |
59,3 |
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59,2 |
59 |
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| 2,5 |
69,4 |
72,4 |
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72,9 |
73 |
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| 3 |
79,3 |
84,9 |
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85,8 |
86 |
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| 4 |
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107 |
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111 |
113 |
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